Development Of The Human Zygote Essay -- essays research papers fc

Development of the Human Zygote Hundreds of thousands of times a year a single-celled zygote, smaller than a grain of sand, transforms into an amazingly complex network of cells, a newborn infant. Through cellular differentiation and growth, this process is completed with precision time and time again, but very rarely a mistake in the "blueprint" of growth and development does occur. Following is a description of how the pathways of this intricate web are followed and the mistakes which happen when they are not. The impressive process of differentiation changes a single-cell into a complicated system of cells as distinct as bold and bone. Although embryonic development takes approximately nine months, the greatest amount of cellular differentiation takes place during the first eight weeks of pregnancy. This period is called embryogenesis. During the first week after fertilization, which takes place in the Fallopian tube, the embryo starts to cleave once every twenty-four hours (Fig. 1). Until the eight or sixteen cell stage, the individual cells, or blastomeres, are thought to have the potential to form any part of the fetus (Leese, Conaghan, Martin, and Hardy, April 1993). As the blastomeres continue to divide, a solid ball of cells develops to form the morula (Fig. 1). The accumulation of fluid inside the morula, transforms it into a hollow sphere called a blastula, which implants itself into the inner lining of the uterus, the endometrium (Fig. 1). The inner mass of the blastula will produce the embryo, while the outer layer of cells will form the trophoblast, which eventually will provide nourishment to the ovum (Pritchard, MacDonald, and Gant, 1985). Figure 1:Implantation process and development during embryogenesis (Pritchard, MacDonald and Gant, 1985) During the second week of development, gastrulation, the process by which the germ layers are formed, begins to occur. The inner cell mass, now called the embryonic disc, differentiates into a thick plate of ectoderm and an underlying layer of endoderm. This cellular multiplication in the embryonic disc marks the beginning of a thickening in the midline that is called the primitive streak. Cells spread out laterally from the primiti... ...e a normal infant. When something does go wrong, the embryo or fetus will unfortunately have some type of defect. The amazing accuracy with which a single cell can become something as complex as a newborn infant is a truley incredible feat! Works Cited Baker, David A. "Danger of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection." Contemporary OB/GYN April 1990: 52. Carlson, Bruce M. Patten's Foundations of Embryology. McGraw-Hill Inc. 1981. Cunningham, MacDonald, and Gant. Williams Obstetrics, Supplement no. 10. 18th ed, Prentice-Hall, Inc. Februay/March 1991: 2,3. "Folic Acid for the Prevetion of Recurrent Neural Tube Defect." Medicine March 1993. Harrison, Ross G. Organization and Develpment of the Embryo. Yale University Press. 1969. Leese, Conaghan, Martin, and Hardy. "Early Human Embryo Metabolism." Bio Essays vol. 15, No. 4 April 1993: 259. Pritchard, MacDonald, and Gant. Williams Obstetrics. 17th ed, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1985: 139-142, 800. Pritchard, MacDonald, and Gant. Williams Obstetrics, Supplement no. 13. 17th ed, Prentice-Hall, Inc. July/August 1987: 2. "Teratology." ACOG Technical Bulletin February 1985.

Pop Culture’s Influence on Dating Essay

What’s the best part about dating? The rush of getting to know a new person? The hope that it will lead to something more lasting? For some people it’s the dream to find their true love and have them sweep them off their feet. For others it’s finding a person who doesn’t mind a more casual relationship. Most of the time, they return home only to think about what might have happened if their life went as well as the scripted ones they watch all of the time. They wish that they had a team of writers planning the next move in their romantic lives, and had award winning actors take on their role in life. These people have become victims of the modern age in dating. Be it movies, television, or books, pop culture has helped men and women set unrealistic expectations for dating and romance. We all know that the silver screen puts the rose-colored glasses over romance, but it is how they portray dating in many different genres that is really skewed. Horror movies are expected to end badly, and it is no exception for dating in this movie style. Typically the young couple are terrorized on a date by some knife-wielding maniac out for revenge. That can lead to many assumptions, depending on how the movie ended. If the couple was killed during the course of the film, then it can be concluded that the good die young. But if they both survive (and there isn’t a sequel haunting them) then people may start to believe that true love is formed by going through a traumatic experience with someone. Often times in Horror films, the couple goes out to get some privacy, only to find themselves the killer’s first victims. Not many people get the wrong idea about dating from Horror movies, granted, but what about the plucky love interest for everyone’s favorite Superheros? Mary Jane Watson, Gwen Stacy, Pepper Potts, Peggy Carter, Lois Lane, and Jane Foster to name a few. These women have made a name for themselves by being charmed by Superheros. Their men (Spiderman, Iron Man, Captain America, Superman, and Thor, respectively) are either super strong, super smart, an alien, or any combination of the three. If that d oesn’t give people the wrong idea about romance, then the writers aren’t doing their job. The strong, but constantly endangered, women are intelligent and attractive, leading the â€Å"hero† in the audience to long for the power to fly in and save them from any and all perilous situations. With people wanting a hero, and heroes waiting for their fem fatal, no one is going to make it out of this dating game alive. Superpowers aside, perhaps the most disillusioning movie genre is the Romantic Comedy. Quirky but lovable characters are thrust together in strange situations and they always come out of it with the love of their life. This genre has capitalized on the nice-guy finally getting the girl, the best friends realizing that they were made for each other, and fairy tale endings that warm the audience’s hearts. Men and women alike are fans of the Romantic Comedy, in part because they’re designed that way; the actresses are all attractive or funny, the actors are both, and the script is written for both men and women. Whether or not they admit to it, everyone enjoys a good â€Å"rom-com† after a long day of disappointment, and why not? The protagonist always comes out on top, and there’s always that one great date following all of the duds. For as long as they’ve been around, movies have helped the public set impossible goals for dating, but then television came along and sped up the process. From play dates to wedding dates, television has given a â€Å"Step-by-Step† guide to dating, particularly in shows such as Boy Meets World, Friends, and How I Met Your Mother. In Boy Meets World the viewers watched as Cory Matthews grew up, fell in love, and lived his life. Cory’s â€Å"love-of-his-life† was Tapanga Lawrence, a girl that he started calling his wife in Pre-School. Their relationship went through rough patches, but someone always knew that it was meant to be. The idea that one can meet (and keep) their first love from their childhood days is almost as improbable as thinking that Superheros can swoop in and save the day. Against all odds Cory and Tapanga actually survive dating through High School, and marriage in College. Young children are taught through weekly episodes that true love can be found on the playground, and that while it is imperfect, it is eternal. Boy Meets World was a family oriented show, but what about the shows that were geared more towards the working adult? Friends was a television sitcom that followed the lives of six friends. Viewers watched as their favorite friend fell in and out of love. Rachel and Ross had an on-again, off-again relationship that confused everyone, including the actors. Their relationship was based on attraction but the way they treated each other was, at times, cruel. This couple was volatile at best, and a running joke for viewers; â€Å"Are Ross and Rachel together this week?† Another couple in the show occurred later on in the series, and provides a foil to Ross and Rachel. Chandler and Monica’s relationship was built on friendship and as such was more stable. They were the fun couple who’s lines were joking and who always put the other first. The show was casual with its approach to dating, with non-regular characters coming and going throughout the series. Other shows were not as simple. Soap Operas fall in line with the over-dramatization of romance and dating, and there are many shows that focus on finding love. How I Met Your Mother is literally the drawn out retelling of how Ted Mosby found the mother of his children. These shows, while entertaining and sometimes informative, tell men and women that their true love can be found in everyday places such as work, at a coffee shop, or even on the playground. Television is guilty of helping with today’s dating misconceptions, however the biggest offender is literature by far. â€Å"Bodice Rippers† may not be the only things leading to unrealistic ideas about love; everything from Shakespeare to the Teen Romance section in today’s book stores share some of the blame. Romeo and Juliet is perhaps the most well-known romance story of all time. The main characters are teenagers who pledge their love to each other, despite being from warring families. They kill themselves for love that they think is forever but, historically had they lived and been allowed to marry, one of the lovers would have had an affair or died of natural causes early on in their marriage. Poetry of that time was romantic and well written as well. It really is a pit y that most of those poems were written about love affairs with already married people. They spoke of undeniable attraction, and how they really shouldn’t be denying themselves the love of the other person. Romance novels from later centuries tell readers about an odd sensation of love-at-first-sight. â€Å"Our eyes met, and I knew right then and there that we were meant to be together forever.† This idea is the drug of romance novels, it is what gets readers hooked and coming back for more. People have spent countless hours pouring over books with lines like that acting as major plot devices. Most readers swoon over the muscled heroes, dreaming of being in the heroine’s place. Teen Romance novels take this idea and make it even more impossible. They write in supernatural beings for the awkward teenager to fall in love with. Even if they take away the fantasy element, at heart the stories are improbable. For the most part, teenagers in High School don’t know what romantic love is (or if they do, it is never forever). Teen Romance novels teach teenagers that the love of their life is waiting for them in their Biology class, is the partner on a History assignment, or is the loner who they see in the library everyday. Teenagers who read these books get the idea that they can find a true love in the hormone-ridden home of disappointment that is High School. Escaping the real world by reading isn’t bad, but letting the fiction influence the thought process never ended well for anyone. Pop culture isn’t inherently evil, but when it comes to dating and romance, it is probably best to stop drawing parallels with real life. Movies, books, and literature are supposed to be used as ways to escape reality, not as guidelines for how to live. It would be a little ridiculous to put disclaimers before movies, shows, and books reading â€Å"Warning: Relationships portrayed in this are fictional, and not based on real life† but it’s starting to feel necessary. Not every story has a happy ending, and even those who do aren’t forever. If the public could just learn to stop accepting pop culture as gospel, stop looking for their soul mate where they â€Å"never would have expected†, then the dating world would be a better place. A place where true love doesn’t mean a love against all odds, but a love that is real. Real love is when a couple can get into arguments, be mad at each other and that isn’t the end of the relationship; when it isn’t all rainbows and roses but they’re happy with each other. No one wants to watch a movie about that, but then again, no one wants to watch a baby being born and they film â€Å"the miracle of life† every day. Maybe if more movies, TV shows, and books were realistic, more people would enjoy dating.

Knowing Yourself so You May Begin Exploring Your Own True Potential Essays

Knowing Yourself so You May Begin Exploring Your Own True Potential Essays Knowing Yourself so You May Begin Exploring Your Own True Potential Essay Knowing Yourself so You May Begin Exploring Your Own True Potential Essay Trammel Anderson Chef Tiffany Henderson Leadership July 14, 2011 Topic: Personal Leadership Knowing yourself so you may begin exploring your own true potential. There are several questions that must be discussed first to gain access the knowledge of oneself. The first question is â€Å"what is a personal strength? †A personal strength is having self-confidence. It is the ability to communicate with yourself in a positive manner. It is having a vision of who you want to be, how you want to live, how you want to fulfill your vision and then by having the faith to do so, you can achieve success. Personal strength is also about having independence and not depending on anyone else to tell you how to think or feel. It is the ability to make moral decisions that are best for you and then act on them. Lastly, it is about having the ability to laugh at yourself because laughter transforms pain. â€Å"Making the best of ourselves is not an easy task. It is a pleasurable pursuit, it is the reason we were born, but it requires patience, persistence, and perseverance. For many of us it also requires prayer. That is because we find it far easier to learn to live by our own lights when we access a Higher Source of Power to illuminate our path. (Sarah Ban Breathnach) A key aspect of confident people is that they have high self-esteem they hold themselves in positive self-regard. This means that they know how to love themselves and that they acknowledge what theyre good at. These realizations boost their resilience and ability to take on greater challenges. Your ability to take appropri ate, effective action is affected by various things in your life that may seem to have little direct relation to the task at hand. Your values are a good example of this. Your self-confidence is likely to waver if you dont value what you excel at doing. Research shows that if you value what youre good at, youre likely to be highly confident in that area. If you value what youre not so good at, then you will not feel so confident, even though your friends may reassure you that this is not much of a problem at all. Building confidence begins with going with your strengths. If youre great at music, dont beat yourself up because youre not going to play international rugby. Pat yourself on the back, practice accepting compliments for everything you do well, and enjoy the positive reinforcement from others. Respect and honor yourself, and youll find that you get respect and honor from those around you. For confidence to thrive and grow, you must concentrate your attention on what youre good at, rather than trying to turn yourself into something that youre not. The next question is to ask oneself is â€Å"why are personal strengths important to recognize? † If you do not recognize your strengths you will not know your weaknesses. The key to unlock you’re ability to understand and recognize your personal strength’s lies in the understanding of â€Å"self†. Let us take Sigmund Freud and his ID, EGO and Superego theory into account. The Id, ego and super-ego are the three parts of the psychic scheme defined in Sigmund Freuds structural model of the psyche; they are the three theoretical constructs [a construct is a concept, model, or schematic idea] in terms of whose activity and interaction mental life is described. The meaning or explanation of these three psychic schemes starts with the id. The id and its functions lie in the irrational and emotional part of the mind. To give a further explanation of what this means take a baby from birth for instance. At birth a baby’s mind is all Id they possess the want, want, want, mentality. The Id is the primitive mind. It contains all the basic needs and feelings. It is the source for libido. And it has only one rule the pleasure principle: I want it and I want it all now. If I were to use a transference definition I would simple state that the Id best equates to mean child or selfishness. If you are more of an Id person or if your Id is too strong you will normally be bound to self-gratification and uncaring to others. The second part of this scheme starts with the ego. The ego and its functions lie in the rational part of the mind. The Ego develops out of the growing awareness that you cannot always get what you want. The Ego relates to the real world and it operates by means of the reality principle. The reality principle states that, â€Å"the ego controls the pleasure-seeking activity of the id in order to meet the demands of the external world. † The Ego realizes the need for compromise and negotiates between the Id and the Superego. The Egos job is to get the Ids pleasures but to be reasonable and bear the long-term consequences in mind. The Ego denies instant gratification or the child like urges that we as humans possess. It also aids in the delaying of gratification. A term was coined to refer to how well the ego copes with these conflicting forces. This term is ego-strength. To complete or maintain its work of planning,  thinking and controlling the Id, the Ego uses some of the Ids energy. If I were to use a Transference definition I would simple state that the Id best equates to mean adult. If you are more of an Ego centered person or if your Ego is too strong you will normally be bound to be extremely rational and efficient, but cold, boring and distant. The third part of the psychic scheme is the superego. The superego and its functions lie in the part of the mind that’s considered to be the moral part. The Superego is the last part of the mind to develop. The Superego becomes a semi tangible embodiment of the parental and societal values that were instilled in you. It stores and enforces rules. It constantly strives for perfection, even though this perfection ideal may be quite far from reality or possibility. Its power to enforce these rules comes from its ability to create anxiety. This feel anxiety is rooted in the subsystems of the superego. The two subsystems of the superego are the Ego Ideal and the Conscience. The Ego Ideal provides rules for good behavior, and standards of excellence towards which the Ego must strive. The Ego ideal is basically what the child’s parents approve of or value. The Conscience on the other hand the rules about what constitutes bad behavior. The Conscience is basically all those things that the child feels that their mother or father will show disapproval of or punish them for doing. If you are more of a Superego centered person or if your Superego is too strong you will normally be bound to feel guilty all the time or you may even have an insufferably saintly personality (self-righteous). The recognition of the id, ego and superego will allow you to gage your inner strengths and systems of control. This will allow you to recognize your strengths more accurately. I explained all of this to say that you must know yourself first on a deeper level to accurately recognize your strength’s. I believe that many people have chameleon strengths. What is chameleon-strength? Chameleon-strength is a strength that disguises itself as one thing but the true strength lies underneath. Parents or mentors are often the culprit when this happens. They push off their strength on the person or child through transference or synergy. This personal strength which they have effectively delivered to you may not fit your personality type and if it does not it will become a weakness. The next question is how can a person’s strengths be developed? A person’s strengths can be developed by understanding them as I previously mentioned. To understand how to develop them you must first know what development means. The definition of the word develop is to â€Å"expand by a process of growth. †(Merriam-Webster) So take any strength for instance to expand it by a process of growing it you have to look at the potential of what it can become. So in essence you must treat your strength as a weakness to grow in back into strength. For example in sports the majority of people are either right handed or left handed. This is a big deal especially in basketball because the right handed or left handed player are limited to that one hand if they do not develop the weaker hand to become their new strength. Michael Jordan is a prime example of this. When Jordan first arrived in the National Basketball Association he was average shooter and defensive player but these were his strengths. To develop these strengths he had to make his strength his weakness and his weakness his strength. He was a right handed player so he decided to shoot and defend with his left hand quite exclusively. He practiced and exercised this to the point that his dominant right hand was now his weakness. He shot and defended better with his left hand. This would not do. So he began to develop his right hand in the same fashion that he did his left hand. His right hand soon became dominant again. He continued this process until both hands were of equal strength. He had successfully developed his strength. A personal strength is not very different from sports if you speak well and that is your strength you should bolster your lexicon by becoming a word smith. Respect your craft and it will develop. The next question is what are your personal strengths? My personal strengths are having a strong sense of rationality and stability, Unselfishness, Individualism, responsibility, altruism, discipline and a high level of understanding. My ability to rationalize and maintain stability gives me the ability to appreciate the benefit for balance and harmony without losing the sight of the practical side of a situation. My ability to be unselfish gives me the opportunity to help someone meet their needs both internal and external before I focus on my own. The extreme individualistic nature that I possess gives me the strength to have high independence and to project self-confidence. My next strength was honed by the military. This strength is responsibility it gives me the ability to accept the credit or take the blame, with the buck stops here attitude. I also posses the strength to be altruistic I am very concerned for others without giving away everything that I have. I will not give you what I own but I will try if at possible to get you your own. The military also honed this next strength of discipline. With this as a personal strength I follow standard operating protocols and traditional ways to the letter. The final strength is the ability to understand aspects of a situation or subject at an extremely high level. All of these personal strengths combined allow me to stay at a balanced and harmonies state within myself. The next question or statement would be to discuss limitations. What are limitations? Limitations are defined as a shortcoming or defect. My limitations are anger, over confidence, fault finding and mistrust for people. My other limitation is that of the mind. The potential that I have within me is limitless but the removal of these limitations must first occur. The next question is why are they important to recognize? They are important to recognize because you will know where your boundaries lie. Once you know where your boundaries are you can break through them or maneuver around them. The next question would be how will you get around them? To get around my limitations I will have to overcome them mentally. To overcome anger I must first dismiss fault finding and mistrust of people. To delete the fault finding limitation I will have to become non judgmental of people. I have to accept people for who they are. When the realization that a person will make mistakes, it is easier to trust them to be just that a â€Å"person†. With the two of these limitations conquered in turn anger will be conquered because the resentment factor will no longer exist within me. The over-confidence limitation can be undone by knowing when to say enough is enough. The all encompassing over comer for all of my limitations are simply to love. Love will conquer a multitude of sins and shortcomings. When it comes to thinking of my strengths and limitations there are several ways to develop myself to become a better leader? The first step to do this is to know myself well enough to deploy these strengths and limitations to increase each other. The first start to doing this is to listen to myself about my shortcomings. Once these things are identified my strengths can be sent in as if they were antibodies attacking a virus or bacteria. If I generate enough love coupled with humility this will serve as a capsule or a command center to regulate all of my strengths to direct them towards my atural ability to lead. Compassion and fairness with meekness will make me a better leader because I will be able to meet the people at their level. Once they see me on the level and they know that I am not here to hurt them or mistreat them they will trust me enough to listen to what I have to say. The goal to becoming a better leader is to get the people to listen. Once I have their attention ou r task or objective will be easily achieved. I am a proven and accomplished leader I always complete my mission. The next question is what role does self confidence play in personal leadership? What is self-confidence? Self-confidence is defined as â€Å"confidence in oneself and in ones powers and abilities. † Self-confidence plays an important role in leadership. In our society the majority of the population will not follow a leader that is not self-confident. If a person does not believe in his or herself they will find that no one will either. Self-confidence is a trust issue. It is a mistrust of oneself. People that are not self-confident are typically this way because something happen in their life which caused them to be embarrassed or feel inferior. To become self-confident they must first overcome this to reassure and repair the mental picture of themselves. Once they repair this mental picture they then can broadcast this mental picture to the people that they are trying to lead. Once the people see this picture they can also cast a positive light on it and follow it as if it were a light house and they were a boat trapped in fog. So to answer the question self-confidence has everything to do with personal leadership. A more in depth explanation of how to overcome self-confidence issues would be to pin point the events that caused the issues and confront them. You can not fix a problem that you will not address. Once you get the problem or traumatic event out in the open talk about it. You should attack it from all angles to see why it’s affecting the person or yourself in this way. Once the cause has found build a confidence foundation. A confidence foundation will be those things that you do right and with enough practice certain parts of the event or issue can be transformed into a confidence brick to add to your foundation. Eventually you will overcome this issue or event and become more self confident. There are three aspects and or dimensions of self- confidence. The three are overly self-confident, self-confidence (normal) and a lack of self-confidence. The best way to approach these three would be established a definition for each. The definition for overly self-confidence is quite simple. This definition refers to people who have an overly high opinion of themselves. The definition for self-confidence relates to self-assuredness in ones personal judgment, ability, and power. The definition for a lack of self confidence would be the reverse of self confidence it states that a person has a lack of self-assuredness in ones personal judgment, ability, and power. The best and simplest explanation for this would be to describe a doubter. Personal Mission Statement I will live each day as if it were my last, building relationships that last a lifetime, focusing first on my marriage, second on my family and third on my friendships. I live to create, build, nourish and grow. I will live life within the constraints that are acceptable to me. I will never live life under the control of values that are not acceptable to anyone but myself. I will never fail in my mission to succeed. I will never quit in my desire to achieve. Opinion Page In my opinion this in depth at my personal strengths and weaknesses has helped me to redefine what I have to work towards to fulfill my duty to mankind. The personal mission statement that I have drafted represents my inner most drive towards self actualization. My biggest challenge will be to work towards a life filled with pure love, humility and meekness. I know that I possess many talents, but these talents have to be used for the greater good not for selfish gain. God gives me my great talents and I know I have to serve his people with these talents. If I cannot make a difference in people’s lives I am nothing. So what this personal strength paper has taught me is that every person has certain strengths and weaknesses that are directly proportional to what they are put on this world to do. The catch to this is that people are often to selfish and caught up with the daily rigor of life to apply their talents for the greater good. Merriam-Webster Online. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. 27 Nov. 1998 . Inspirational Quotes. 28 January 2009. 20 July 2011. Id Ego and Super-ego. Wikipedia. 09 July 2011. 20 July 2011 .

In This Skin; An Analogy essays

In This Skin; An Analogy essays Mrs. Jessica Simpson Lachey pleads with her fans to, Please listen to the words of In This Skin...Sing and believe these words with me. The song In This Skin is a very personal and in depth look at truths of Jessica Simpsons deepest struggles and most firm convictions of her young life. With a study of the poetic lyrics of this song, Ms. Simpsons struggles to overcome her past and her willingness to accept herself combined to make her truly understand she is beautiful, and her desire to share that message with a very confused and mislead world. As a struggling artist in the late nineties and into the early part of the millennium, Simpson went through some of the most difficult challenges a girl can face, leaving her with a confused hatred of her body, and incredible discomfort in her own skin. Now as a top artist of 2004, and a reality TV show that brings to life the reality that she is truly comfortable with who she is and that is all explained and expressed in her title track of her latest 2004 release, In This Skin. In the first stanza we learn a little bit about how Jessica deals with fame combined with her past struggles. They see me in a magazine, Im the one they want to be still dont feel I'm good enough, still dont feel I'm thin enough. Jessica is frequently on the cover of magazines and people use her as an image of what beautiful is. But she is constantly comparing herself to someone even more beautiful or better. In line four when she says still dont feel I'm thin enough, she could perhaps be reflecting and still struggling with a shadow of her past. In a journal entry from her earlier teenage years Jessica expresses her feelings about herself, Im really stressed out... your never gonna look good why are you eating that? Even though she was never larger than a size six, Jessica was never satisfied w...

Anatotitan Facts and Figures

Anatotitan Facts and Figures Name: Anatotitan (Greek for giant duck); pronounced ah-NAH-toe-TIE-tan Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Cretaceous (70-65 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 40 feet long and 5 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; broad, flat bill About Anatotitan It took paleontologists a long time to figure out exactly what type of dinosaur Anatotitan was. Since the discovery of its fossil remains in the late 19th century, this giant plant-eater has been classified in various ways, sometimes going by the now-unfashionable names Trachodon or Anatosaurus, or considered a species of Edmontosaurus. However, in 1990, a convincing case was presented that Anatotitan deserved its own genus in the family of large, herbivorous dinosaurs known as hadrosaurs, an idea that has since been accepted by most of the dinosaur community. (A newer study, however, insists that the type specimen of Anatotitan was really a superannuated specimen of Edmontosaurus, hence its inclusion in the already-named species Edmontosaurus annectens.) As you might have guessed, Anatotitan (giant duck) was named after its broad, flat, duck-like bill. However, one shouldnt take this analogy too far: the beak of a duck is a very sensitive organ (a bit like human lips), but Anatotitans bill was a hard, flat mass used mainly to dig up vegetation. Another odd feature of Anatotitan (which it shared with other hadrosaurs) is that this dinosaur was capable of running clumsily on two legs when it was chased by predators; otherwise, it spent most of its time on all four feet, munching peacefully on vegetation.

Rhetoric from Homer to Augustine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rhetoric from Homer to Augustine - Essay Example Antique civilization contributed a lot to our modern science and laid foundation of modern scientific conceptions of the world inside and outside of us. Rhetoric is just one point of ancient heritage. Rhetoric from Homer to Augustine went through the phase of its origin and becoming when fundament of this art was laid. 2. Rhetoric in Greece was one of the three liberal arts. So it was a very important art. In Homer days rhetoric was not widely developed yet, but it is possible to say that Homer's contribution to rhetoric is obvious. His epic poems "Iliad" and "Odyssey" were full of poetic dialogues, argumentations and word exercises for achieving different goals. His poetry influenced further poetic and rhetoric development in Greece. But in 5th century B. C. rhetoric became known for wide people through sophists. They thought people skill of argumentation. Sophists' work was valued rather high as they helped people to defend their personal interests, not always fair. So this form of teaching soon declined. Plato's teaching was another significant step to rhetoric development. He was an opponent for the sophists. ... Aristotle developed Plato's ideas and went further. He introduced rhetoric as a system of particular skills necessary for an orator. It was the next step of rhetoric development. Aristotle identified three main elements of rhetorical art: character of an orator, his emotions and his language. It is very important to feel the character of the audience, its structure - it will help to choose correct ways of influence on it. Orator's character and emotions must be directed to the goals of the speech - his speech must be emotionally-colored, bright and address everybody's hearts and feelings. The choice of appropriate language is also important. It in turn depends on the audience structure and goals to be achieved. So Aristotle's system influenced rhetoric very much and prepared fertile ground for its further rise and development.3. Rhetoric in Ancient Rome took much from that of Greece, but there were its own features. The main figures of Roman rhetoric were Cicero and Quintilian. Cicer o was one of the most brilliant orators of the ancient world. His speeches were full of expression, his influence on the audience was great, his oratorical methods were much imitated in his days and by later orators. Cicero's works on rhetoric were influenced this art in Rome and for further rhetoric development in general. Quintilian's treatise "Institutes of Oratory" was the next step of rhetorical skills systematization. He wrote about five main rhetorical canons. These are: development of an argument; its arrangement and organization for achieving an appropriate effect; definition of the speech style for a determined audience; speech delivery methods; orator's memory needed to keep in mind all elements of the speech. Quintilian's

Legalisation of Sex Work Outline Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Legalisation of Sex Work - Outline Example The Policing and Crime Act 2009 delineates stringent liability offence criminalising customers of sex workers that are subjected to mistreatment. These provisions were intended to decrease demand for sex workers, hence associated human trafficking. The Policing and Crime Act 2009 further introduced soliciting offences in Northern Ireland, Wales, and England. The legislation, therefore, prohibits imploring a person in public places like streets and parks to get sexual services from the individual as a sex worker. Law in Netherlands Criminal Code 8, a legislative piece that banned brothels, was lifted in the year 2000. The lift made way for regulation of sex work under both labour and administrative laws. This ban lift also made it possible for the government to treat sex work as ordinary labour. The Dutch Penal Code also ceased to treat prostitution by adult males or females as a crime following the landmark 2000 change. This applies provided the sex worker consents to the transaction . This implies that it is legal for a person to operate a prostitution business, as long as it involves consenting adults aged 18 and above. The current legislative piece 273f CC9 deems certain elements of sex work criminal. These include violence or threat of aggression, coercion, deception, and abuse of power regarding both recruitment and working conditions. These elements, combined with undesirable forms of sex work like involuntary sexual exploitation of minors, are more strictly penalised under the current law in Netherlands.